Newtons Second Law Essay Example

Newtons Second Law Essay To confirm the relationship between the net force applied to a body and the bodys acceleration.Background:This experiment has two parts; Part A: How does the acceleration of a trolley change as you change the weight of the total mass on a mass holder supported by a pulley?; Part B: How does the acceleration of a trolley change as you change the weight of the total mass on the trolley itself?When the trolley is released, it accelerates to the right due to the mass on the mass holder, passing through two light gates. A scalar timer connected to each light gate records the time taken for a card mounted on the glider to pass through the light gate The time recorded at the two light gates is used to calculate 2 different speeds of the glider, and hence the acceleration of the glider may be found.Equipment: Trolley, 2 light gates, 2 scalar timers, masses, string, card, ruler, electric scalePart A:Data Collection:Mass of Weight (g)Time (s)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4LG1LG2LG1LG2LG1LG2LG1LG2 300.840.440.870.450.850.440.860.44400.620.330.640.320.630.320.620.32500.520.280.530.270.530.270.530.27600.450.240.460.240.460.240.460.24700.420.220.420.220.410.210.410.21800.390.200.390.200.390.200.390.20900.370.190.360.190.360.190.360.191000.340.170.340.180.340.170.340.181100.320.170.320.170.320.170.320.171200.300.160.300.160.300.160.300.16Constants:Mass of car 607.8 gDistance between light gate 1(LG1) to light gate 2 (LG2): 30 cmCard length: 17 cmData Processing:To convert the masses to forces we must do the following. Since the measurements are taken in grams we need to divide by 1000. This makes our measurements change to kilograms. After that we need to multiply by 9.8 because 1 kg is 9.8 N.Mass of Weight (g)Force (N)300.29400.39500.49600.59700.69800.78900.881000.981101.081201.18Since we have more than one trial for each mass, we need to find the average times for each mass.Average Times:Force (N)LG1 Time (s)LG2 Time (s)0.290.860.440.390.630.320.490.530.270.590.460.240.690.420. 220.780.390.200.880.360.190.980.340.181.080.320.171.180.300.16If then to calculate the velocity we will take the length of the card (17 cm) which is d, and divide it by the average times.Velocities:Force (N)LG1 Velocity (ms-1)LG2 Velocity (ms-1)0.290.200.380.390.270.530.490.320.620.590.370.710.690.410.790.780.440.850.880.470.890.980.500.971.080.531.001.180.571.06To calculate the acceleration we will need to use the following equation for motion:The next step is to make a (acceleration) the subject of the equationThis means that, where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, and s is the distance traveled which is a fixed value of 30 cm (Distance between Light Gate 1 and Light Gate 2)Acceleration:Force (N)Acceleration (ms-2)0.290.180.390.340.490.480.590.610.690.760.780.890.880.970.981.161.081.201.181.35There is a linear relationship in this graph; this shows that the net force is directly proportional to the acceleration.Part B:Data Collection:Additional Mass of Cart (g)Time (s)T rial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4LG1LG2LG1LG2LG1LG2LG1LG200.390.200.390.200.400.200.400.20500.420.210.430.220.420.210.430.221000.460.230.460.230.450.230.450.231500.490.250.500.250.490.250.490.252000.510.260.500.250.520.270.510.262500.540.280.550.280.540.280.550.283000.580.290.570.290.590.290.570.293500.610.310.610.310.610.310.610.314000.660.340.650.330.660.350.650.344500.790.390.780.390.800.400.780.38Constants:Mass of car: 407.7 gDistance between light gate 1(LG1) and light gate 2 (LG2): 30 cmCard length: 17 cmMass on Pulley: 50 gData Processing:Mass of Cart:To find the mass of the cart we need to add the initial mass of the cart to the additional mass added onto it. We also need to convert this number into kilograms.Additional Mass on Cart (g)Mass of Cart (g)Mass of Cart (kg)0407.70.4150457.70.46100507.70.51150557.70.56200607.70.61250657.70.66300707.70.71350757.70.76400807.70.81450857.70.86Since we have more than one trial for each mass, we need to find the average times for each mass.Av erage Times:Mass of Cart (kg)LG1 Time (s)LG2 Time (s)0.410.400.200.460.430.220.510.460.230.560.490.250.610.510.260.660.550.280.710.580.290.760.610.310.810.660.340.860.790.39If then to calculate the velocity we will take the length of the card (17 cm) which is d, and divide it by the average times.Velocities:Mass of Cart (kg)LG1 Velocity (ms-1)LG2 Velocity (ms-1)0.410.430.850.460.400.790.510.370.740.560.350.680.610.330.650.660.310.610.710.290.590.760.280.550.810.260.500.860.220.44To calculate the acceleration we will need to use the following equation for motion:The next step is to make a (acceleration) the subject of the equationThis means that, where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, and s is the distance traveled which is a fixed value of 30 cm (Distance between Light Gate 1 and Light Gate 2)Acceleration:Mass of Cart (kg)Acceleration (ms-2)0.410.900.460.770.510.680.560.570.610.520.660.460.710.440.760.370.810.300.860.24Since we are getting a hyperbola shape in the graph, we will try to graph Mass of Cart vs. Acceleration-1 to get a linear relationship.I think that the last two points are outliers and they have been subject to lots of error. This is why I will draw the graph again without including them in the trend line.These graphs show that the mass of the cart is inversely or indirectly proportional to the acceleration. This means that the mass of the cart is directly proportional to the inverse of the acceleration.Conclusion and Evaluation:Figure 1Figure 2The aim of this lab is to confirm the relationship between the net force applied to a body and the bodys acceleration. The experiment has two parts: Part As aim is to see how the net force applied to a body affects the acceleration and Part Bs aim is to see what happens to the acceleration as you increase the mass of the cart.Obviously, the higher the net force on a body, the larger its acceleration. This is the obvious thing we found out from part a. In part B we found out that as the mass of the cart increased, its acceleration decreased. This is where the errors come in.This experiment was designed in a way the friction would be very minute or inexistent. The first set-up is using an air track; this allows the vehicle to move freely without friction due to a cushion of air being blown through the air track. The second set-up is using a friction compensated runway; this runway cancels out the effect of friction. However, our set-up included friction; this means that our results are distorted. The other thing is that all the values for the acceleration are lower than the actual value. This is because of Friction; all these calculations neglect the effect of friction. Friction makes a body move slower, slow moving bodies have a large inertia, so all the values of Mass are larger than the actual value.Assume there are two bodies, body A and body B. They are traveling on different surfaces but are pushed with the same force. Body A has a smaller net force than body B; there fore you assume that Body A has a larger mass than Body B or Body B has a larger acceleration than Body A. What if I told you that this is not the case? Maybe Body A and Body B have the same mass, what would you think? It would be logical to think that there are other forces acting on the system, Friction. Body A is traveling on a wooden surface (friction is present), Body B is traveling on a slippery, frictionless surface (friction is not present). So Body A doesnt have a larger mass than Body B, its just the surfaces that make us think so. This is the same here; these calculations assumed that friction was something else, which is why there are absurd numbers.If then imagine that a tension force of 1 N is acting on a body which is accelerating a 5 meters per second squared. and and This means the mass of the body equals 0.2 kilograms. What is happening in our situation is that our acceleration is smaller than it should be due to the other forces acting on the cart, like friction a nd air resistance. For example, instead of 5 ms-2 it is 4ms-2. This causes for there to be an error in our calculations.and and . This means the mass of the body is 0.25 kilograms- but its not. This value is larger than the real value, and this is exactly what is happening to us.The same problem exists in Part B. The net force is always less than the real value, 0.49 N. This is due to the other forces acting on the body like friction and air resistance., in part B the net force is always constant and the mass and acceleration are always changing. Since the acceleration is going to be smaller than it should be (due to the other forces acting on the body) the net force will also be smaller than it should be.The other problem with including friction comes in part B. When you add weights on the cart, you increase the force of gravity acting on the cart and the force of normal reaction acting on the cart (Figure 2). But, as you increase the mass of the cart you push the cart and make it come closer to the surface it is in contact with. This increases the force of friction and makes is increase as you increase the mass of the cart.The other (smaller) errors in our lab were the following. Firstly, the way we released the weight that would pull the cart was different each time, there is no way of keeping that the same no matter how hard we try. Secondly, we drew a line that shows where we are supposed to release the cart; the cart will never be in the same position as it was the first time we released it. Finally, we did this lab in two sittings, this means the environment changed and we had to make some adjustments, this affected the accuracy of our lab.To ensure the accuracy of our lab we did many things. Firstly, we measured the distance between the light gates more than one and between trials. Secondly, we made sure that the light gates were placed parallel to the edge of the counter. Also, we drew a line that would show us where we should release the cart. Next, we did four trials instead of three or one trial. We weighed the cart more than once and we measured the length of the card more than once as well. Finally, we tried to keep the lab as accurate as possible by doing the same jobs each time because everybody does their own job in their own way and if that way was kept constant than our results would be more accurate.Next time, we will use a different set-up, preferably with an air-track and a very streamlined glider. We will take even more accurate measurements so that our data would be even more accurate than it is. We will make sure we are releasing the cart from the same place each time, even if it means we need to use a magnifying glass. We will also try to do this lab in one sitting. Finally, we will try to come up with a way in which we will release the cart so that it would be the same each time.

IR - Midterm Essays - Production Economics, Business Law

IR - Midterm Essays - Production Economics, Business Law The ongoing negotiations between The Ontario Public School Boards Association (OPSBA), the government and the Elementary Teachers Federation of Ontario (ETFO) have once again broken down. While most of the issues having tentatively been resolved the main sticking point are sick leave and benefits. Craig presented the input-output model of industrial relations system in the late 1960s. In his model, the actors and the context are similar to those of Dunlops model. The main component of Craigs model are: (a) the inputs or the goals, and the values and power of the actors; (b) mechanism for the conversion of inputs into outputs; (c) the outputs of the system are the financial, psychological and social rewards for the workers. The output is in the form of the rules, which govern matters such as pay, working conditions, and hours of work. One of the major objectives of theorising industrial relations is to help the practitioners to understand what is taking place and causes for the same. Industrial relations theory might be useful to practitioners if it could help them in three respects: first, to understand the present industrial relations situation; second, to forecast trends and to predict what will happen under specific given conditions; and third, to help the practitioners to bring about certain desired changes and to avoid certain other changes in the present or in the future state of industrial relations. One of the most difficult attempts in industrial relations is to build up a theory and to generalise on its activity, which is highly dynamic. A host of factors, both internal and external, and conflict generating as well as conflict resolving factors, influence the shape of industrial relations activity. The industrial relations system in an organisation works in the context of pressures, tensions and conflicts, and is mainly related to power politics, economic, cultural and other differences. An inter-mix of such dynamic factors, and key institutional variables, is necessary in theorising industrial relations. - See more at: http://ilrexpert.blogspot.ca/2009/03/approaches-to-study-of-industrial.html#sthash.lsDhrDrB.dpuf

British Company Woolworth And Causes Of Its Failure Marketing Essay

British Company Woolworth And Causes Of Its Failure Marketing Essay The British Company, Woolworths is normally categorized as a variety store dealing in retailing of a range of varying products. Historically it was established as a subsidiary of an American Company F.W. Woolworth &Co, in 1879 by Frank Winfield Woolworth It was incorporated in England on 23rd July, 1909 as private limited company with initial capital of 50,250 pound sterling. It, first time floated a new idea of selling all the products at a cost not more than five cents. This idea gained popularity amongst the customers resulting in fast growth of the subsidiary. Its first shop at Liverpool attracted about 60,000 people in first two days because of attractive one penny, three penny and six penny products put at sale. It continued to open new shops at various cities that attracted heavy rush of customers and visitors. It was company’s policy to purchase the products directly from manufacturers, who also were very happy due to momentum in their business as well. Some of the ma nufacturers started doing business solely with the Woolworths and labeled their products with the company’s name. Company’s business grew day by day and it had 31 shops in United Kingdoms by the year, 1914. Due to inflationary trends after the World War II, the company had to do away with its three pence and six pence price limits. It introduced self service first time in its retail side in the year 1955. Woolworth opened about 190 self-service stores by the year 1970. It created new division in the stores by establishing Woolco departmental stores in the year 1966. These stores had full range of quality products like, clothes, groceries, car service and restaurants etc. available at affordable prices. (WGP 2007: Fu 2007) The Company continued to flourish very fast because of its stated aim to remain at the customer’s heart and best kid’s retailer till 1966. But thereafter its sales as well as profits started falling because of its competitors, Marks & Sp encer who overtook its sales as well as profits. The results of the company were the worst in the year 1969, because it failed to chalk out suitable strategies necessary to take on its competitors in the market. Sales at Woolworth began to decline. Consumers were reportedly not satisfied with the quality of customer services of the company. Many of the business sites were not at prime locations. Its new products could not attract the customers because of lack of well trained staff and availability of ‘A class service’. The company tried to improve its services in the year 1971 by introducing new system of centralized payments besides closing its 23 unprofitable shops, as an attempt to trade up. The profits of the company increased to some extent as a result of these measures but it failed to boost up its profits at the desired level. (WGP 2007: Peston 2008) The competitors of Woolworth like Wal-Mart, Argos and Next very soon became more prevalent in the market because o f low prices, better service and vast range of their products. The Management of the company ultimately decided to sellout the Woolco stores in 1977. In the year 1981 it sold-out some of its valuable prime located properties to cover-up the losses suffered by the shops situated at these locations. Even then its profits went down in the said year and the company was forced to cut the dividends first time since its establishment. In the normal restructuring process during the year 1985, the company decided to abandon the sale of food and adult clothing that was contributing about 30% of its overall sales. The Management of the company sold out its 200 unprofitable shops out of about 990, during the years 1982-1991. During this decade company made a number of acquisitions in order to become more diversified in retail business. It launched Music and Video Club that specialized in CDs, videos and other entertainment products. The company succeeded in boosting its sales and turnover durin g 1990s and gave impressive results despite the fact that some of major chains like Wilkinson expanded their business in the Woolworth areas. (FRANCE 2008)

Ancient Chinese Contributions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ancient Chinese Contributions - Research Paper Example Modern day agricultural methods, astronomical observations, paper money, decimal mathematics, brandy and whisky, chess, umbrellas, wheelbarrows, multistage rockets, and so many other things came from China. Throughout 600 AD to 1500 AD, Chinese stood as worlds most technologically advanced society. Their frequent discoveries of scientific principles and new technologies influenced the development of societies throughout the world (Shaw, 2003, p.14). This paper briefly explores the most useful and ingenious innovations of Ancient Chinese. Chinese invented the art of paper making in 105 AD, Tsai Lun, a Chinese member of Imperial Court made it by grinding plant and then converting it into sheets of paper after drying. Writing system dates back to 3000 years in China, they used bamboos for writing before, paper was certainly more practical. Early Chinese paper was made by mulberry tree and other plant fibers. Early Chinese paper was also used for clothing and military body armor since it was very hard and strong. Paper use in writing was discovered after a century of its discovery. The earliest example of writing on paper was found in the form of an abandoned piece from military. That paper dated back to 110 AD and it has nearly two dozen readable characters (Shaw, 2003, p.16). Ancient civilizations may know the process of magnetizing iron by placing it near a loadstone, however, Chinese were the first who applied this rule to invent compass. The earliest picture of compass was from 200 BC made by placing spoon as needle on the table with compass points. Early compasses were not used for navigation but divination (Gies and Gies, 1994, p.94).Earliest Chinese compass used to point towards south and called south-pointer. In the Han dynasty (202 BC-AD 220), travelers used this compass. An American scholar, Derk Bodde (1909-2003) argues that we would have been

Summary and opinion of women study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary and opinion of women study - Essay Example However, that equality drops quickly in social settings. When a woman goes into an automotive store, the salesman treats her as if a child. Sports, especially male sports, are still off limits to women. Mixed Olympic wrestling, MMA, and other sports are still male only clubs. Some might argue that women are not physically capable of these sports. However, Chyna, Serena and Venus Williams, and other women are more physically capable than men. The problem is men do not want to women to cross over into certain areas. NASCAR is a perfect example. Many owners do not want to sponsor a woman. Thus women tend to stay away from these areas. Women, especially minority women, are discriminated against. These women will take any job to help their families. Women with large families are discriminated against, married or not. Taunts are directed at these women of ‘Don’t you know what causes that?’ or ‘You can’t take care of what you have.’ It is assumed that a woman with many children have a number of fathers for these children. The man needs to be held accountable as well. A mother is normally responsible for any children. Unwed fathers do not face the stigma of an unwed mother. Popular Culture tends to portray the mother or sex symbol. Ordinary women are overlooked. Hollywood ads and movies are not made about the Eleanor Roosevelts of the world. Instead June Cleaver, Roseanne, Jennifer Aniston, and so forth are promoted. Single women with power do not gain ratings. Men, on the other hand, do not age. They can still be stars long after their middle age. A woman rarely makes it past her fifties in popular culture. Rape and violence against women is a major problem in America. Husbands killing wives are in the news. Scott Peterson, Drew Peterson (no relation), and others capture the headlines. Rape in many forms is still present. The violent rape is bad, but date rape leaves a woman devastated. The power that a

The Life of the Mango Tree Essay Example for Free

The Life of the Mango Tree Essay * Johnson was an Englishman who came to Trinidad to visited Franklin on a coco estate * Johnson was very interested in local folklore * Sam fell in love with Urmilla * On Johnson’s return to England he got a rare blood disease due to the cold climate. Characters: Johnson: Gary Johnson was a young Englishman who had come to Trinidad to spend the holidays with his friend Franklin’s on his coco estate in Sangre Grande. He left England in winter as he was eager to get some sunlight. While Johnson stayed with his friend he was quite interested to learn all about the estate. Johnson enjoyed hearing and listening to the local superstition and every time he heard a story he would write it down in a notebook. He very much liked a young local girl named Urmilla who he eventually planned to marry. He became ill with a rare blood disease and had very little time to live. Sam: Sam was the overseer of the estate who worked there for many years. He is the narrator of the story. He liked Urmilla and her father spook to her to try to marry Urmilla. He never told Urmilla how much he had like her. Urmilla’s father made her promise to marry Sam before he died but Sam told Urmilla he would not hold her to the promise. Urmilla: Urmilla was a beautiful young Indian girl who worked on the estate. Her father wanted her to get married. Urmilla liked Johnson and they eventually planned to get married. Urmilla was very happy when Johnson returned to the island but was she was worried about his illness and went to the local obeah  man to get a cure for him. Socdeo: He was an elderly man who Urmilla father and wanted her to get married. Franklin: Franklin was a middle aged Englishman who had bought the cocoa estate after the price of cocoa had fall on the world’s market and the estate was going to ruin. Franklin was a kind hearted person who treated his workers well and became a god father to many children in the village. He was a good friend of Johnson and encouraged Johnson to run the estate with him.

Origin and Fate of the Empire of Mali :: World History

Origin and Fate of the Empire of Mali Introduction In its peak, the people of Mali occupied land as far west as the Atlantic Ocean. They also traveled as far east as Gao, the capital of the Songhai, as far south as the Niger bend, and as far north as the Sahara desert. They built a great empire between 1240 and 1337 that underwent a course of slow decline until the seventeenth century. History The empire of Mali originated from a small country known as Kangaba. Its people where known as the Mandingo (they have also been called the Malinke and the Mandinka). After the breakup of Ghana, the Sosso, who had caused the breakup, were still in power. Apparently Sundiata, an heir to the Mandingo throne raised an army and defeated the Sosso in the battle of Kirina. Afterward, Sundiata established the empire of Mali. He converted to Islam for support of the Muslim peoples. When Mansa Musa came into power, in the early 1300s, the empire reached its height. Mansa Musa traveled through Cairo on his pilgrimage to Mecca. It is said that he gave away so much gold that it dropped in value in Cairo for 12 years. Afterward the empire slowly declined, until, in the 1600s it was no more than it had been originally when it originated: the small kingdom of Kangaba. Government The government of Mali was a dictatorship. The dictator, who had the title of Mansa, was the sole secular and religious leader of his people, though not he did not enjoy the same power as Egyptian Pharaohs did. The base of government was located in the capital, known as Niani. It was once written by a traveler that a person could travel safely without fear of harm, and that the people of Mali hated injustice and the Mansa did not tolerate injustice at all. The military branch of government was constant. There was a standing army of professional soldiers, so that Mali was ready for a battle without having to raise an army every time. Religion The religion in Mali was divided between two groups. The merchants, traders, and government officials, including the Mansa, were Islam, though, apparently, they did not adhere to it very well. Women were allowed freedom and even the Mansa still believed in the "spirit of the land." The basic peasant farmer believed in a "spirit of the land" to whom he prayed so that

Corporate Reputation Essay

The respondents also recognize the internet as the best avenue for making one’s corporate social responsibility known to the public. Ninety five percent of the respondents (95%) believe that the internet is the best avenue for making one’s corporate responsibility known whilst only five percent believe that there are other communication strategies that could be used in making one’s corporate social responsibility known. Although the respondents’ answer vary when asked why corporate social responsibility is important, they all believe in the fact that this is important for a certain organization, thus one hundred percent (100%) of the respondents believe that this should be inherent in most organizations. They also believe in the importance of public practices in order to make the public aware of corporate social responsibility, which could be essential to the success of their businesses. One hundred percent of the respondents also show that based on their experience, public relations played a very important role in changing the image of their company that significantly affects the profit they receive. Public relations, after all tremendously alter businesses. People tend to get impressed when an image of a certain company is positively shown which then significantly affects sale of products and or services. ? As seen in this study, corporate social responsibility is essential in increasing the profits of most corporations. The concept of corporate reputation has been extensively investigated in the fields of economics (Shapiro, 1983; Wilson, 1985; Kreps & Wilson, 1982; Milgrom & Roberts, 1982, 1986) and corporate strategy (Weigelt & Carnerer, 1988; Fombrum, & Shanley, 1990; Shamsie, 2003). Herbig and Milewicz (1995, p. 18) have defined reputation as â€Å"an estimation of the consistency over time of an attribute of an entity†, and emphasize the fact that an organization can have several reputations, one for each attribute such as price, product quality, innovativeness, management quality – or a global reputation. The development of reputation research is based on the vision of imperfect information in which actors depend on proxies and signals to make logical assumptions about the intentions and future behaviors of other actors (Fombrum & Shanley, 1990). Thus, reputation models presume a strong coupling between past actions and future expectations, and organizational attributes and the assessment of firms (Weigelt & Camerer, 1988). The importance of corporate reputation in the management field is dependent on the fact that corporate audiences routinely rely on the reputations of organizations in making investment decisions, career decisions and product choices (Dowling, 1986). In addition, reputational advantages that are borne out of informational asymmetries can provide firms with a valuable resource that they can use against their rivals for a relatively long period of time (Shamsie, 2003). The intangible nature of reputation, its rarity and social complexity, makes it hard to trade and copy; therefore, reputation can contribute significantly to performance differences among organizations (Barney, 1991; Peteraf, 1993). Corporate Trustworthiness The importance of the concept of trustworthiness is closely linked to the development of trust and trusting behavior literature. Trusting behavior suggests permitting oneself to be in a potentially vulnerable position relative to another, while possessing some knowledge of the other that inspires trust in his goodwill i. e. in his good intentions (Blomqvist, 1997). Thus, risk and some information about the potentially trusted person or situation are seen as necessary conditions for trust to exist (Lewis & Weiger, 1985; Oakes, 1990). This information about the potentially trusted person can be used to deduct the future behavior of the person. Along the same line, Good (1988) indicated that trust is based on expectations of how another person will behave, based on that person’s present and past implicit and explicit claims. In a similar position, Mayer, Davis & Schoorman (1995), in their comprehensive research, determined more than ten different individual and organizational traits that lead to trust, resuming these concepts into three constructs: ability, benevolence and integrity. In a similar setting, Blomqvist (1997) identified two main dimensions of trustworthiness, named competence and goodwill. Competence encompasses technical capabilities, skills and know-how, while goodwill suggests moral responsibility and positive intentions towards the others. Nonetheless, these organizational traits are hard to observe directly, making difficult the evaluations of corporate trustworthiness (Barney & Hansen, 1994). These concepts can be very essential to companies who would want to increase their profits. It is because of this that this study gives importance to public relations in making corporate social responsibility known to the general public. Public relations, after all tremendously alter businesses. People tend to get impressed when an image of a certain company is positively shown which then significantly affects sale of products and or services. Findings For majority of the companies who served as samples for this study, the issues related to CSR are of great importance. This is evident as most of the company websites examined have devoted a section dedicated to corporate social responsibility/corporate citizenship/sustainable development issues and that these sections are usually found in the most relevant levels of their websites, majority can be found in the home page. Obviously, the presence of this section shows the explicit recognition of the said issues. In the same manner, this serves as the companies’ recognition of the importance of corporate social responsibility on their corporate websites. They also place them between the second and third hierarchical levels which again reveal their importance. However, it is also obvious enough that these corporations have not maximized their use of communication strategies in making their social responsibility known. Recommendations For future researchers on the said topic, the author of this study recommends a case study focusing on the patrons of the aforementioned companies instead of the representatives of each organization. Through this, future research could give importance to the perception of the public on the said topic. It is also through this that one could prove that corporate social responsibility, displayed in the websites, truly provide a legitimating activity for the organization in the society. In the same manner, the public could also share their opinions and views on corporate responsibility, how important it is for them and how it affects their loyalty to a certain organization. The author of this study also recommends a case study of two different companies with different backgrounds on corporate social responsibility. In doing so, future researchers would look at how profits were affected because of publishing their CSR over the internet. It is also recommended that future researchers look into the disadvantages being faced by companies (if there are any) who do not publish their corporate social responsibility over the World Wide Web. For another research that shall look into public relations, it is recommended to look into the other communication strategies that companies use in making their consumers aware of their corporate social responsibility. Lastly, the author also recommends a study that would look into the best way of transmitting social responsibility messages to the public. A case study of such could help companies in making their businesses better. This could also help companies in devising strategies that would be beneficial to their businesses, ensuring that the money they reserve for public relations and corporate social responsibility shall be maximized and in the same way; that their programs would be advantageous to their businesses. References Becker, B. E. & Huselid, M. A. 1998. Human resources strategies, complementarities and firm performance. Paper presented to the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, July. Berle, A. Jr and Means, G. C. 1968. The Modern Corporation and Private Property, Macmillan, New York, NY. https://www.bsr.org/

Human Evolution by C.M. Davenport Essay

Since time immemorial, numerous researchers have been done to explain the mechanism by which humans were able to evolve from being ordinary, defenseless creatures in the Eastern African savanna to being the world’s most advance and high-functioning biological creatures that have ever walked on Earth. Scientific findings suggest that the aforesaid transition was characterized by a decision of our earliest human ancestors to leave their four-legged existence on trees and convert to a bipedal lifestyle on the terrestrial landscape. Such transition, which can be said to be one of the most dangerous yet most essential part of human anthropology, was driven by climatic changes in the African region. Consequently, changes in the general atmospheric conditions affected the vegetation and ecological properties of the ancient human surroundings. Scientists speculate that prior to the climatic alterations which is around ten million years ago, the East Africa was heavy forested and catered to a great diversity of tree-dwelling primates. Unfortunately, the end of the Miocene Epoch or around five million years ago, marked the start of the of the arid, grassland condition. These changes have encouraged primates to go down from the trees and convert to a two-legged manner of walking on the African plains. This transition was not easy because the early human ancestors had to face a multitude of predators on land including leopard, hyenas and lions. However, although this was the case, the need to look for food and other forms of nourishment that were no longer present in their original habitat was greater than the impending dangers they were likely to face. Hence, climate changes have commanded the onset of the start of human civilization by allowing early primates to convert to bipedalism and terrestrial living. Next to bipedalism, early human ancestors had to acquire certain bodily adaptations in order to make them fit to their new surroundings. Body adaptations included changes on speed and gait, acquisition of large buttock muscles and longer legs for running and sitting efficiency, evolution of larger body size, better vision, achievement of a sense of balance on body controls and other locomotory functions, and a more complex brain structure, physiology and function. These changes allowed early human ancestors to escape from predators and be able to gather food for nutritional survival. In this case, the author evidently placed much emphasis on the discussion of the running endurance of human ancestors. It was mentioned that along with the other adaptations, the ability to run from predators is also a very notable skill of the primates that allowed them to dominate the natural selection process. Increase in lung capacity, development of the heel bone and arched foot, ability to sweat were some of the changes that permitted running efficiency. Obviously, expansion of lung capacity accounted for a more organized breathing pattern during running activities while the heel bone and arched foot permitted improved upright position for running and load-carrying. The ability to sweat, on the other hand, is presumed to render more benefits to primates aside from thermoregulation. Reports suggest that sweat of early human ancestors were similar to the properties of the modern genetic disorder trimethylaminuria, a condition that makes a person produce sweat that smells like strong decaying fish odor but not decaying human or animal flesh (Davenport n. p. ). The chemical compound producing the odor is flavin monoxygenase 3 enzyme (FMO3) and analysis of this compound from present trimethylaminuria reveal that FMO3 has undergone molecular modifications thereby allowing the persistence of the disease from subsequent human generations. However, chemical rearrangements of FMO3 are also suspected to be the reason why sweat of humans today does not elicit the same kind of smell of the early primates, an event that is presumed to be a part of their survival strategies. Lastly, the acquisition of human intelligence was the final step in the human evolution process. The complex development of bodily functions for running endurance have also allowed for the creation of cells for specialized physiological, and neurological properties. After this, it was not long before behavioral skills were obtained and furnished. And after about five million years, the world witnessed the emergence of the modern human species equipped with all the necessary physical and mental adaptations that allowed them to be favored by natural selection and win against the other primal families. Consequently, the evolution of humans is characterized by a myriad of factors which are yet to be fully investigated and explained but all the findings we have today are enough to conclude that humans must value the properties that we have today because our ancestors have done so much effort just to let us achieve our present stature. Evolution is continuously happening and we will never know if conditions in the past will repeat themselves. Hence, everyone must continue to hone their skills and adapt with the changes of the environment in order to prevent ourselves from being selected against natural selection and for us to continue our dominance on this world.

Essay on US Withdrawal from Iraq The WritePass Journal

Essay on US Withdrawal from Iraq Essay on US Withdrawal from Iraq The Bush administration entered the  United States  in an armed intervention of  Iraq, a  war  that leading scholars deemed â€Å"unnecessary† at the time  (Mearsheimer and Walt, 2003). Under the false pretext of a crisis for America’s national security,  and international peace and security in general, because of the perceived threat of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction – that were never uncovered   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the President decided that armed intervention was the best choice of action.  With the failure to prove any significant  WMD  were in Iraq, the program of the  war  was conveniently shifted to  delivering the Iraqi people from an evil ruler to  democratic order. This process of deliverance, at best a â€Å"stalemate† (Posen, 2006), has seen an alarming loss of American lives and increasing expense of the American commitment in Iraq, while putting severe pressures  on the American economy. At this point,  the United St ates  should look for an exit strategy that totally withdrawals American  troops from  Iraq. At this point, it must be clearly understood that the recommendation  for American withdrawal is not being made on the grounds that going to  war  was itself a bad decision on the part of the Bush administration. Instead, the reasons for a fast and total withdrawal are being made on the basis of America’s long term national interests, and the lives of our troops.  As Posen maintains, the reduction of military, economic and political costs  this shall entail could then be used to  good  effect  elsewhere (2006).  The  war  in  Iraq  has resulted in thousands of American lives lost, and played part in destroying our economy. There still remains  a difference of opinions between the Democratic and Republican parties on this matter, with the Democrats favoring  a more rapid withdrawal and the Republicans making withdrawals contingent upon certain conditions. To elaborate, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had  spoken of a strategy that would help with an expedition of troops and the employment of a â€Å"new diplomatic initiative†Ã‚  (quoted at America.Gov)  asking other countries to help in Iraqs reconstruction. President Obama is still pushing for American troop withdrawal from  Iraq, pulling two brigades out every month and providing $2 billion in humanitarian aid to the  war-ravaged country (America.Gov).  Finally, the Republican position on the matter, Sen. John McCain, remains that the training and development of Iraqi soldiers is vital to an American withdrawal; unless Iraq’s security forces become stronger, the country shall be mired in civil  war  and  fall prey to  the devices of the al Qaeda, deeming the United States’ exit impossible  (America.Gov). From these contrary positions, it is clear that this debate is fiercely contested. One of the strongest cases against withdrawing is that it could lead to  Iraq  going into a civil  war. However, a closer inspection reveals that the conditions of civil  war  are already in existence; with the Baath party’s banned and the advantages of fundamentalist Islamists  due to the  war  has led to a situation of  civil  war. The continued presence of American troops and counter-insurgency operations has been unable to stop this situation, where insurgents target civilians and Iraqis kill Iraqis, all the while putting American troop’s lives at risk.  The civil  war  has already  begun to some degree, and there is no point in continuing  American engagement in  Iraq. Another important argument  against withdrawal, in line with Sen. McCain’s reasoning, is that American forces must only leave Iraq  after ensuring  that  Iraq’s security forces are competent enough to maintain order. The progress for Iraqi security forces is slow and has a long way to go. Continued American presence only makes things worse, because Iraqi politicians do not feel compelled to resolve Iraq’s issues and  poor  attempts at making improvement, have given the US existing cover. All this has done, is  produce a culture that is dependent on American assistance which, the  more  it continues, can only be harmful to  Iraq  in the long  term. Some suggest a time-bound  withdrawal  of American troops from Iraq.  Others argue that an American exit from  Iraq  at this moment would increase the growing influence of terrorists in the country, while severely undermining the stature of the  United States  in the eyes of the world. However, this is far from the truth. Firstly, the point about terrorists is a double-edged sword and is a risk that must be taken. While a withdrawal may indeed give some power to the terrorists in  Iraq, it is important to note that the continued American presence has given the al Qaeda  a reason to continue attacks on America troops . In fact, pulling out of  Iraq  may encourage the Sunnis to take the offensive to the al Qaeda and its sympathizers (Posen,  2006). Secondly, it is foolish to expect that an American withdrawal can change things, to any considerable degree.  As William Welch argues, this image of the mighty U.S was already in question once it launched an unwarranted preventive  war, and  got  further tainted when it delayed the involvement of the United Nations and other willing countries to aid of the reconstruction of Iraq. In addition, recent studies argue that the moral  backbone  of the  US,  which promotes the pursuits of democracy and liberation of  other countries as ethical responsibilities, is in itself very narrow-minded (Welch,  2010).  Instead of worrying about the U.S’ credibility over withdrawing from  Iraq, it  may, in fact, strengthen the U.S image somewhat. Finally, another important – but shaky – argument against withdrawal is that a rapid exit after such a long battle would severely demoralize the American troops. However, as Lt. Gen. William E. Odom observes, nothing could be farther from the truth: â€Å"Hiding behind the argument of troop morale shows no willingness to accept the responsibilities of command. The truth is, most wars would stop early if soldiers had the choice of whether or not to continue. This is certainly true in  Iraq, where a withdrawal is likely to raise morale among  U.S.  forces.† (2006) Thus, it is safe to say that the opposing arguments of American troops’ withdrawal do not hold much weight. But, it must be remembered that the case for a well-planned exit strategy does not only rest on this negation of contrary arguments. It is also supplied with the important consideration of America’s best interests; these are what we must now investigate to insure the withdrawal. America’s key interest  in the Persian Gulf region  is that of oil, although contrary to popular belief, the interest is not of control, but of ensuring a regular supply from the Middle East to the United States; also making sure that political adversaries do not gain control of these resources to the detriment of the US and other areas of the world dependent on energy supply from the  region  (Posen,  2006).   Stopping the ties between terrorist organizations and state administrations is also an important issue becauseâ€Å"†¦we have learned from the alliance between al Qaeda and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan that it is unwise to allow terrorists to get a foothold in a sympathetic state from which they can propagandize, recruit, organize, train, and plan  in relative security.†Ã‚  (Posen,  2006) The concerns of oil are shared by many countries and most of them would be willing to contribute to a solution, which could also be done through the U.N. Even if the  U.S  is required to maintain an active deployment in  Iraq  due to such a turn, it shall still be many times smaller than its current  operations. Furthermore, the outcome of an Iraqi civil  war  would, in all probability, be a stalemate – a result most  favorable  to American national interests (Posen,  2006). The best way to expedite this situation is to pull out of  Iraq. The worst possible thing of this stalemate could be an intensification of al Qaeda operations in the Sunni-dominated areas of  Iraq; however, as discussed above, this is a contentious issue, and it could very well be the  US’ troops themselves which are causing such a calamity. In conclusion, it is important to look at the more vivid reminders that urge for an American withdrawal from Iraq.  The unabated loss of American lives in  Iraq, since the launch of the  war, ran close to 4,400 deaths in  December, 2010; this number is far greater than those resulting from the offensive in  Afghanistan,  totaling  501 deaths in  over seven years (White,  2011).  The economic downturn for the  US  because of the  war  in  Iraq  has been immense  too, stretching well beyond $900 billion as early as January 2011.  In light of these facts, it is  increasingly difficult to argue against an American withdrawal from  Iraq. In the best interest of servicing  America’s military, political and economic interests,  the arguments against withdrawal only seem to justify the continuation of poor policy choices, and it is in the  US’ best interests that a plan for military disengagement from  Iraq  be devised without  hesitation or  delay. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Posen, Barry. â€Å"How to disengage from Iraq in 18 months.†   Boston Review. Jan. 2006. 18 Mar. 2011 http://bostonreview.net/BR31.1/posen.php 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America.Gov â€Å"Election 2008 Issues† 7 Mar. 2008. 18 Mar. 2011 america.gov/st/texttrans-english/2008/March/20080307131621liameruoy0.4348108.html 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mearsheimer, John J. and Walt, Stephen M. â€Å"An unnecessary War.† Foreign Policy. Jan. 2003. 18 Mar. 2011 mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bush/walt.htm 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  White, Deborah. â€Å"Iraq War Facts† About.com. 2 Mar. 2011. 19 Mar. 2011 http://usliberals.about.com/od/homelandsecurit1/a/IraqNumbers.htm 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Welch, William M. â€Å"Fight a Thousand Battles† USA Today. 2010. 22.Mar.2011 http://usacac.army.mil/blog/blogs/fight/archive/2010/07/23/doubts-about-u-s-tactics-shadow-war-in-afghanistan-by-william-m-welch-and-jim-michaels-usa-today.aspx

HBD- portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

HBD- portfolio - Essay Example This group deals in individual lifestyle hotels and provides a friendly environment to all its guests. The guests at Swire Hotel Group are served with spontaneity and freedom reflected through personalities of all hotel staff. This Group as their unique hotels located across United Kingdom, China and Hong Kong. The House Collective comprises a range of individual hotels located across Asia. East brand has its magnificent business hotels located in Hong Kong, Miami and Beijing. Chapter Hotels part of Swire Group are located in heart of British cities. They are mainly found in Exeter and Cheltenham. There are two other hotels of this Group located in Brighton and Bristol. Swire Hotel Group mainly focuses on upper income class segment. There are two categories of individuals who are mainly targeted. One belongs to business class and the other represents tourist visiting a place from around the globe. Hotel’s architecture is designed by taking into consideration taste and preferences of mentioned customer segments. Swire hotels can be stated as a profitable division of Swire Properties. Swire Properties is a wholly owned subsidiary of a blue chip company known as Swire Pacific. This Group comprises of three major luxury hotel brands such as The House Collective, Chapter Hotels and EAST. Swire Hotels was launched in 2008 and it encompasses urban hotels in United Kingdom, Mainland China and Hong Kong. The launch of Swire Hotels Group has provided wide range of choices for its entire customer segment. Synergy of investment and mixed-used developments has strengthened the market position of the firm. This Group mainly deals in luxury hotel and targets upper income class segment. The hospitality industry can be stated as an intensely competitive segment and this factor has enabled the Group not to restrict in one particular location. UK market possesses high purchasing power and this can prove to be a positive factor for growth or

Game changers in the us economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Game changers in the us economy - Essay Example Shifting through more than a dozen possible game changers to boost this sluggish growth, five such theories have been identified as feasible for US market. These five will act as a catalyst for the US market and revive it from this depressing state. These five can further be dived into: Shale energy, knowledge intensive trade, big data, infrastructure, talent development. Shale, knowledge, and infrastructure will prove to be the most effective game changers to help revive US from this crucial stage and all of the five will provide a strong foundation for long term growth and competitiveness. Shale energy is the production of natural gas and light tight oil extracted from very deep grounds. It is too costly to extract these energy resources but US possessing the 4th biggest Shale gas resources has to utilize it properly so that they can enter the market accordingly. The production of natural gas and light tight oil is already booming in places like Dakota, Texas, and Pennsylvania as t he some stakeholders have realized the importance of the energy in terms of economical progress. If utilized properly then it could add a potential boost of $380-$690 billion to annual GDP by 2020. And this will in turn generate an additional 1.7 million jobs. Moreover, by producing their own energy from natural resources the US imports will reduce to zero. But along with that the environmental risk must also be controlled to fully realize its potential.